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Bibliographic record
- Authors: Sauder, L.; Williams, S.
- Year: 2002
- Identifier:
Historical Metallurgy 36(2), pp. 122–131
Cited by (9 claims)
- Raw bloom contains approximately 30–50% occluded slag by mass. (draft)
- Iron bloom forms at approximately 1100–1300 °C in the bloomery shaft — below iron’s melting point (1538 °C)…
- Raw bloom contains approximately 30–50% occluded slag by mass; this is an indicative range, highly variable… (draft)
- Bloom must be extracted and shingled immediately while hot (approximately 800–1100 °C); as the bloom cools,…
- Charcoal-to-ore mass ratio is approximately 1:1 as a working guideline, with documented variation from ~0.7… (draft)
- Metallic iron yield is approximately 20–40% of ore mass charged; slag byproduct is approximately 60–80% of … (draft)
- Wrought iron is produced by hot-working (shingling) an iron bloom from bloomery smelting — the successive h…
- In bloomery iron smelting, bellows operators work continuously for the 2–8 hour active smelting period, mod…
- Active smelting duration is typically 2–8 hours from first ore charge to bloom extraction.